stan paşgirek e ku navên cih û welatan pêk tîne, mîna daristan (cihekî bi daran), goristan (cihekî bi goran), Kurdistan (welatê kurdan) û hwd.

Peyva "stan"

Koka navê stan qet ne diyar e, lê hin zimannas dibêjin ku peyv ji zimanê farisî ango ji zimanên arî yan îranî tê ^[1]^[2], lê li gor hin çavkaniyên din ew ne nihêrîneke bêalî ye^[3]. Protohindoewropî yan hind û ewropiya kevn zimanekî gelek kevn û êdi êdî ev ziman bûye bavê zimanan wekê înglîzî, rûsî, latinî, hindî, kurdî û hwd. Li gor hin pisporan koka peyva kurdî stan ji zimanê protohind û ewropî *stâ ^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7] tê. Wergera *stâ bi kurdî "li ser piyan man, rawestin" Peyva protohind û ewropî *stâ di gelek zimanên hind û ewropî de tê dîtin. Bo mînak:

Malbata zimanên germanî

Bi îngiliziya kevin “standan”^[8] û bi îngiliziya-îroyin “to stand”. Bi almanîya-kevin “stân”^[9]. Bi îslendî “standa” ^[10]. Bi norwêcî “sta”^[11], bi holendî “staan” ^[12].

Malbata zimanên latînî

Bi latinî "stare^[13], bi rûmenî "stare/stat"^[14]^[15]. Bi spanî "estar"^[16]^[17]^[18].

Malbata zimanên iranî

Bi farisî nabêjin "stan", lê dibêjin "ایستادن" = "istadan"^[19]^[20], bi Zimanî tacîkî "istodan", bi hindî "avasthâ" ^[21]. Bi sanskrîtî "tiṣṭhati"^[22] = "tishth-hati"

Malbata zimanên slavî

Bi zimanê ûkraynî "stan"^[23]^[24], bi polonî "stan"^[25]^[26]^[27], bi serbî "stane"^[28], bi çekî "stât"^[29].

Navê welatan

bide ber

Çavkanî

^ http://www.alphadictionary.com/articles/english_grammar_style/suffix_stan.html (li gor "alphadictionary sûffiksa "stan" ji proto-hind-û-ewropî hatî)
^ http://www.worldatlas.com/aatlas/infopage/stan.htm ^{Girêdana arşîvê 2012-12-26 li ser Wayback Machine} (li gor "world atlas" sûffiksa "stan" ji farsî hatî)
^ http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=stand&allowed_in_frame=0 (li gor etymology-online, peyva stan ne îranî ye, le hindûewropi ye)
^ Johnny Cheung: Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb. Leiden 2007 (rûpel 358)
^ Watkins, Calvert. The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed., Houghton Mifflin Co, 2007.(rûpel 84)
^ http://hotword.dictionary.com/afghanistan-kyrgyzstan-%E2%80%94-how-many-%E2%80%9Cstans%E2%80%9D-are-there-what-does-it-mean/
^ http://indo-european.info/pokorny-etymology-dictionary/translate/English/Indo-European/?q=stand
^ https://archive.is/20120527080316/home.comcast.net/~modean52/oeme_dictionaries.htm http://hord.ca/projects/eow/grammar/verb.php?id=1591&output=macron
^ http://www.koeblergerhard.de/germanistischewoerterbuecher/althochdeutscheswoerterbuch/neuenglisch-ahd.pdf (rûpel 425)
^ http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/IcelOnline/IcelOnline.TEId-idx?type=entry&eid=STANDA&q1=stand
^ http://dictionary.sensagent.com/stand/en-no/
^ http://www.systranet.fr/dictionnaire/anglais-neerlandais/stand^{[girêdan daimî miriye]}
^ http://translate.google.com/?hl=fr#la%7Cen%7Cstare
^ http://dictionnaire.sensagent.com/%C3%A9tat/fr-ro/
^ http://www.tradu.ro/dictionare/on-line/index.php?sir=sta&ok=Tradu&sens=rf&tip=ny
^ http://www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/anglais-espagnol/stand
^ http://www.wordreference.com/es/translation.asp?tranword=stand
^ http://www.diccionarios.com/detalle.php?palabra=stand&dicc_54=on
^ Kopîkirina arşîvê, ji orîjînalê di 4 adar 2016 de hat arşîvkirin, roja gihiştinê 5 kanûna pêşîn 2012{{citation}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (lînk)
^ http://translate.google.com/?hl=en#en%7Cfa%7Cstand
^ http://www.dictionaric.com/dicohindi/dicohindi.php?rech=%C3%A9tat
^ http://www.spokensanskrit.de/index.php?tinput=tiSThati&direction=SE&script=HK&link=yes&beginning=0
^ http://www.dictionaric.com/dicoukrainien/dicoukrainien.php?rech=%C3%A9tat
^ http://translate.google.com/?hl=fr#fr%7Cuk%7C%C3%A9tat
^ http://tlumacz.interia.pl/szukaj?utf8=1&q=%C3%A9tat&jezyk=fr%7C4%7C1^{[girêdan daimî miriye]}
^ http://dictionnaire.sensagent.com/%C3%A9tat/fr-pl/
^ Kopîkirina arşîvê, ji orîjînalê di 4 adar 2010 de hat arşîvkirin, roja gihiştinê 5 kanûna pêşîn 2012{{citation}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (lînk)
^ http://translate.google.com/?hl=en#en%7Csr%7Cto%20stand
^ http://translate.google.com/?hl=en#en%7Ccs%7Cto%20stand

[1] ttp://www.alphadictionary.com/articles/english_grammar_style/suffix_stan.html (li gor "alphadictionary sûffiksa "stan" ji proto-hind-û-ewropî hatî)

[2] ttp://www.worldatlas.com/aatlas/infopage/stan.htm ^{Girêdana arşîvê 2012-12-26 li ser Wayback Machine} (li gor "world atlas" sûffiksa "stan" ji farsî hatî)

[3] ttp://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=stand&allowed_in_frame=0 (li gor etymology-online, peyva stan ne îranî ye, le hindûewropi ye)

[4] Johnny Cheung: Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb. Leiden 2007 (rûpel 358)

[5] Watkins, Calvert. The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed., Houghton Mifflin Co, 2007.(rûpel 84)

[6] ttp://hotword.dictionary.com/afghanistan-kyrgyzstan-%E2%80%94-how-many-%E2%80%9Cstans%E2%80%9D-are-there-what-does-it-mean/

[7] ttp://indo-european.info/pokorny-etymology-dictionary/translate/English/Indo-European/?q=stand

[8] ttps://archive.is/20120527080316/home.comcast.net/~modean52/oeme_dictionaries.htm http://hord.ca/projects/eow/grammar/verb.php?id=1591&output=macron

[9] ttp://www.koeblergerhard.de/germanistischewoerterbuecher/althochdeutscheswoerterbuch/neuenglisch-ahd.pdf (rûpel 425)

[10] ttp://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/IcelOnline/IcelOnline.TEId-idx?type=entry&eid=STANDA&q1=stand

[11] ttp://dictionary.sensagent.com/stand/en-no/

[12] ttp://www.systranet.fr/dictionnaire/anglais-neerlandais/stand^{[girêdan daimî miriye]}

[13] ttp://translate.google.com/?hl=fr#la%7Cen%7Cstare

[14] ttp://dictionnaire.sensagent.com/%C3%A9tat/fr-ro/

[15] ttp://www.tradu.ro/dictionare/on-line/index.php?sir=sta&ok=Tradu&sens=rf&tip=ny

[16] ttp://www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/anglais-espagnol/stand

[17] ttp://www.wordreference.com/es/translation.asp?tranword=stand

[18] ttp://www.diccionarios.com/detalle.php?palabra=stand&dicc_54=on

[19] Kopîkirina arşîvê, ji orîjînalê di 4 adar 2016 de hat arşîvkirin, roja gihiştinê 5 kanûna pêşîn 2012{{citation}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (lînk)

[20] ttp://translate.google.com/?hl=en#en%7Cfa%7Cstand

[21] ttp://www.dictionaric.com/dicohindi/dicohindi.php?rech=%C3%A9tat

[22] ttp://www.spokensanskrit.de/index.php?tinput=tiSThati&direction=SE&script=HK&link=yes&beginning=0

[23] ttp://www.dictionaric.com/dicoukrainien/dicoukrainien.php?rech=%C3%A9tat

[24] ttp://translate.google.com/?hl=fr#fr%7Cuk%7C%C3%A9tat

[25] ttp://tlumacz.interia.pl/szukaj?utf8=1&q=%C3%A9tat&jezyk=fr%7C4%7C1^{[girêdan daimî miriye]}

[26] ttp://dictionnaire.sensagent.com/%C3%A9tat/fr-pl/

[27] Kopîkirina arşîvê, ji orîjînalê di 4 adar 2010 de hat arşîvkirin, roja gihiştinê 5 kanûna pêşîn 2012{{citation}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (lînk)

[28] ttp://translate.google.com/?hl=en#en%7Csr%7Cto%20stand

[29] ttp://translate.google.com/?hl=en#en%7Ccs%7Cto%20stand

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-stan

Naverok