Lîsteya axiverên dawî yên naskirî zimanan

Her ziman gava axiverê wê yê dawî yê ku baş dikare biaxive dimire, dihesibe zimanekî mirî.

Ji nêzîkî 7000 zimanên zindî, nêzîkî 500 hebî hene ku hatine senifandin wek zimanên li ber mirinê"tenê çend qisekerên temenmezin mane ku pê diaxivin".[1]

Axiverên dawî yên zimanan biguhêre

Axiverêm dawî yên nasirî yên zimanaan
Nav Jidayikbûn Mirin Ziman Senifandin Nîşe
Marchant, ChestenChesten Marchant Nediyar 1676 Kornî1 !Kornî (axiverê dawî yê yekzimanî) hind û ewropî – Celtic – Insular Celtic – Brittonic [notes 1]
McMurray, MargaretMargaret McMurray Nediyar 1760 Galwegian dialect, Scottish Gaelic Indo-European – Celtic – Insular Celtic – Goidelic – Scottish Gaelic
Pentreath, DollyDolly Pentreath Nediyar 1777 Cornish2 !Cornish (traditionally known as the last fluent native speaker; disputed)[2] Indo-European – Celtic – Insular Celtic – Brittonic [notes 2]
Shanawdithit 1801c. 1801 1829 Beothuk unclassified
Sutherland, WalterWalter Sutherland Nediyar 1850c. 1850 Norn Indo-European – GermanicNorth Germanic – West Scandinavian
Juana Maria Nediyar 1853 Nicoleño Uto-Aztecan – Northern – Takic (unclassified beyond the Takic family)
Nikonha 1765c. 1765 1871 Tutelo Siouan – Western Siouan – Ohio Valley Siouan – Virginia Siouan [notes 3]
Trugernanner 1812c. 1812 1876 Tasmanian !an unidentified Tasmanian language unknown; there were multiple language families in Tasmania [notes 4]
Davey, JohnJohn Davey 1812 1891 Cornish3 !Cornish (some knowledge) Indo-European – Celtic – Insular Celtic – Brittonic [notes 5]
Udaina, TuoneTuone Udaina 1823 1898 Dalmatian Indo-European – ItalicRomance – Italo-Dalmatian
Smith, Fanny CochraneFanny Cochrane Smith 1834 1905 Tasmanian !an unidentified Tasmanian language unknown; there were multiple language families in Tasmania [notes 6]
Fielding, FideliaFidelia Fielding 1827 1908 Mohegan-Pequot Algic – Algonquian – Eastern Algonquian
Toney, SantuSantu Toney 1835 1910c. 1910 Beothuk (some knowledge) unclassified [notes 7]
Mann, JohnJohn Mann 1834 1914c. 1914 Cornish4 !Cornish (extent of proficiency unclear) Indo-European – Celtic – Insular Celtic – Brittonic [notes 8]
Ishi 1860c. 1860 1916 Yana language isolate [notes 9]
Noble, SallySally Noble Nediyar 1922 Chimariko language isolate
Solorsano, AscencionAscencion Solorsano Nediyar 1930 Mutsun Yok-Utian – Utian – Ohlone/Costanoan – Southern [3]
Johnson, FrancesFrances Johnson Nediyar 1934 Takelma language isolate
Trruúlmani Nediyar 1934 Puelche Chon
Sam !Watt Sam and Nancy Raven Nediyar 1939 !late 1930s Natchez language isolate
Meadows, IsabelIsabel Meadows 1846 1939 Rumsen Yok-Utian – Utian – Ohlone/Costanoan – Southern
Decloux, DelphineDelphine Decloux 1871 1940 Chitimacha language isolate
Youchigant, SesostrieSesostrie Youchigant Nediyar 1940s Tunica language isolate
Nalig, JamesJames Nalig 1870sc. 1870s 1954 Utaha Austronesian – Malayo-Polynesian – Southern Oceanic – Oceanic [4]
Yee, MaryMary Yee 1897 1965 Barbareño Chumashan – Southern – Central [notes 10]
Maddrell, NedNed Maddrell 1877 1974 Manx Indo-European – Celtic – Insular Celtic – Goidelic [notes 11]
Loij, ÁngelaÁngela Loij 1900c. 1900 1974 Selk’nam[notes 12] Chon
Lunel, ArmandArmand Lunel 1892 1977 Shuadit (Jewish dialect of Occitan) Indo-European – Italic – Romance – Western – Ibero-Romance – Occitan
Palmer, AlfAlf Palmer 1891c. 1891 1981 Warrungu Pama-Nyungan – Maric
Butler, JackJack Butler 1901 1986 Jiwarli dialect, Mantharta Pama-Nyungan – Kanyara–Mantharta – Mantharta
Nolasquez, RoscindaRoscinda Nolasquez 1892 1987 Cupeño Uto-Aztecan – Northern – Takic – Cupan – Cahuilla-Cupeño
Plotnikova, KlavdiyaKlavdiya Plotnikova 1895c. 1895 1989 Kamassian Uralic – Samoyedic – Core Samoyedic – Kamas–Selkup
Munro, MorndiMorndi Munro Nediyar 1990s Unggumi dialect, Worrorra Worrorran – Western – Worrorra
Bernat, FidelaFidela Bernat 1898 1991 Roncalese (Erronkarriko) dialect, Basque language isolate !Basque is a language isolate
Esenç, TevfikTevfik Esenç 1904 1992 Ubykh Northwest Caucasian
Asai, TakeTake Asai 1901c. 1901 1994 Sakhalin Ainu Ainu
Paterson, AlgyAlgy Paterson Nediyar 1995 Martuthunira Pama-Nyungan – Ngayarta
Dailey, Truman WashingtonTruman Washington Dailey 1898 1996 Otoe-Missouria dialect, Chiwere Siouan – Western Siouan – Mississippi Valley – Chiwere–Winnebago – Chiwere
Vyie Nediyar 1997 Sirenik Eskimo Eskimo-Aleut – Eskimo – Yupik?
Charles, CarmelCarmel Charles 1912 1999 Nyulnyul Nyulnyulan – Western
Neidjie, Big BillBig Bill Neidjie 1920c. 1920 2002 Gaagudju Arnhem
Thompson, Edward LeonardEdward Leonard Thompson 1904 2002 Unami Lenape Algonquian–Eastern Algonquian [notes 13]
Jones, Marie SmithMarie Smith Jones 1918 2008 Eyak Na-Dené – Athabascan-Eyak
Boro !Ms. Boro unknown 2009 Aka-Kora Great Andamanese – Northern
Rozario, WilliamWilliam Rozario unknown 2010 Cochin Indo-Portuguese creole Portuguese Creole – Indo-Portuguese Creoles
Pan Jin-yu 1914 2010 Pazeh Austronesian – Northwest Formosan
Boa Sr. 1925c. 1925 2010 Aka-Bo Great Andamanese – Northern
Hogg, BobbyBobby Hogg 1920 2012 Cromarty fisher dialect, Scots Indo-European – Germanic – West Germanic – Anglo-Frisian – Anglic
Kristiņa, GrizeldaGrizelda Kristiņa 1910 2013 Livonian Uralic – Finnic [notes 14]
Sampson, HazelHazel Sampson 1911 2014 Klallam North Straits Salishan Languages – Salishan Languages [notes 15]
McLemore, DorisDoris McLemore 1927 Hîn sax e Wichita Caddoan – Northern [5]
Calderón, CristinaCristina Calderón 1928 !000000001928-05-24-0000May 24, 1928 Hîn sax e Yaghan language isolate
Benson, EdwinEdwin Benson 1931 Hîn sax e Mandan Siouan – Western Siouan
Mungulda, CharlieCharlie Mungulda Nediyar Hîn sax e Amurdag Iwaidjan [6]
Steckley, JohnJohn Steckley Nediyar Hîn sax e Wyandot Iroquoian – Northern – Lake Iroquoian – Five Nations – Huronian [notes 16]
Parker, VerdenaVerdena Parker Nediyar Hîn sax e Hupa Na-Dené – Athabaskan-Eyak – Athabaskan – Pacific Coast Athabaskan [7][8][notes 17]
Sen, Gyani MaiyiGyani Maiyi Sen 1937c. 1937 Hîn sax e Kusunda language isolate [9] [notes 18]
Wilcox, MarieMarie Wilcox 1933 Hîn sax e Wukchumni Yok-Utian – Yokutsan – General Yokuts – Nim – Tule-Kaweah [10]

Wekî din biguhêre

Nîşe biguhêre

References biguhêre

  1. ^ Endangered languages Ethnologue: Languages of the World.
  2. ^ "Legend of Dolly Pentreath outlived her native tongue" Girêdana arşîvê 2012-02-07 li ser Wayback Machine.
  3. ^ [1] Archived 4 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ "What happened to Erromango's languages?" Girêdana arşîvê 2018-02-03 li ser Wayback Machine by Terry Crowley, The Journal of the Polynesian Society, 106:33-64, No. 1 (1997)
  5. ^ "The Last Living Speaker of Wichita : NPR" (Audio interview). 
  6. ^ "Scientists Race Around World to Save Dying Languages".
  7. ^ Evans, Nicholas (2010).
  8. ^ Newberry, Daniel.
  9. ^ "Obscure language isolate will die with this woman".
  10. ^ http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/19/opinion/who-speaks-wukchumni.html