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[[File:Ab bird 025.jpg|thumb|right|upright|alt=Subspecies ''tauricus''|''S. v. tauricus'' in [[Ukraine]]]]
[[File:SturnusPorphyronotusSmit.jpg|thumb|right|upright|alt=Subspecies ''porphyronotus''|''S. v. porphyronotus'']]
{| style="width:78%;" class="wikitable"
! style="text-align:center; background:#d3d3a4;" colspan="4"|Binecure
|-
!width=10% | Binecure
!width=8% | Daneyar
!width=22% | Belavbûn
!width=38% | Şayes
|-
| ''S. v. vulgaris''
| Linnaeus, 1758
| Most of Europe, except the far northwest and far southeast; also [[Iceland]] and the [[Canary Islands]]
| The [[nominate subspecies]].
|-
| ''S. v. faroensis''
| [[Henry Wemyss Feilden|Feilden]], 1872
| [[Faroe Islands]]
| Slightly larger than nominate, especially bill and feet. Adult with darker and duller green gloss and far less spotting even in fresh plumage. Juvenile sooty black with whitish chin and areas on belly; throat spotted black.
|-
| ''S. v. zetlandicus''
| [[Ernst Hartert|Hartert]], 1918.
| [[Shetland Islands]]
| Like ''faroensis'' but intermediate in size between that and ''vulgaris''. Birds from [[Fair Isle]], [[St Kilda, Scotland|St Kilda]] and the [[Outer Hebrides]] are intermediate between this subspecies and the nominate and placement with ''vulgaris'' or ''zetlandicus'' varies according to authority.
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| ''S. v. granti''
| Hartert, 1903
| [[Azores]]
| Like nominate, but smaller, especially feet. Often strong purple gloss on upperparts.
|-
| ''S. v. poltaratskyi''
| ([[Otto Finsch|Finsch]], 1878)
| Eastern [[Bashkortostan]] eastwards through [[Urals]] and central [[Siberia]], to [[Lake Baykal]] and western [[Mongolia]]
| Like nominate, but gloss on head predominantly purple, on back green, on flanks usually purplish-blue, on upper wing-coverts bluish-green. In flight, conspicuous light cinnamon-buff fringes to under wing-coverts and axillaries; these areas may appear very pale in fresh plumage.
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| ''S. v. tauricus''
| [[Sergei Aleksandrovich Buturlin|Buturlin]], 1904
| From [[Crimea]] and E of [[Dnieper River]] eastwards around coast of [[Black Sea]] to W [[Asia Minor]]. Not in uplands where replaced by ''purpurascens''
| Like nominate, but decidedly long-winged. Gloss of head green, of body bronze-purple, of flanks and upper wing-coverts greenish bronze. Underwing blackish with pale fringes of coverts. Nearly spotless in breeding plumage.
|-
| ''S. v. purpurascens''
| [[John Gould|Gould]], 1868
| E Turkey to [[Tbilisi]] and [[Lake Sevan]], in uplands on E shore of Black sea replacing ''tauricus''
| Like nominate, but wing longer and green gloss restricted to ear-coverts, neck and upper chest. Purple gloss elsewhere except on flanks and upper wing-coverts where more bronzy. Dark underwing with slim white fringes to coverts.
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| ''S. v. caucasicus''
| [[Theodore K Lorenz|Lorenz]], 1887
| [[Volga Delta]] through eastern [[Caucasus]] and adjacent areas
| Green gloss on head and back, purple gloss on neck and belly, more bluish on upper wing-coverts. Underwing like ''purpurascens''.
|-
| ''S. v. porphyronotus''
| ([[Richard Bowdler Sharpe|Sharpe]], 1888)
| Western [[Central Asia]], grading into ''poltaratskyi'' between [[Dzungarian Alatau]] and [[Altai Mountains|Altai]]
| Very similar to ''tauricus'' but smaller and completely [[allopatric]], being separated by ''purpurascens'', ''caucasicus'' and ''nobilior''.
|-
| ''S. v. nobilior''
| ([[Allan Octavian Hume|Hume]], 1879)
| [[Afghanistan]], SE [[Turkmenistan]] and adjacent [[Uzbekistan]] to E [[Iran]]
| Like ''purpurascens'' but smaller and wing shorter; ear-coverts glossed purple, and underside and upperwing gloss quite reddish.
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| ''S. v. humii''
| ([[William Edwin Brooks|Brooks]], 1876)
| [[Kashmir]] to [[Nepal]]
| Small; purple gloss restricted to neck area and sometimes flanks to tail-coverts, otherwise glossed green. This is sometimes treated under the name ''indicus'' given by [[Brian Houghton Hodgson|Hodgson]].{{efn|This form was described by Hodgson as ''S. indicus'' in [[John Edward Gray|Gray]]'s ''Zoological Miscellany'' of 1831, and may have [[Principle of Priority|taxonomic priority]] over ''humii''.<ref name = gray>Gray (1831) p. 84.</ref><ref name = ripley>Rasmussen & Anderton (2005) p. 583.</ref>}}
|-
| ''S. v. minor''
| (Hume, 1873)
| [[Pakistan]]
| Small; green gloss restricted to head and lower belly and back, otherwise glossed purple.
|}
== Hevwate ==
| 