Împeratoriya Osmanî: Cudahiya di navbera guhartoyan de

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Baran Agir (gotûbêj | beşdarî)
Created by translating the section "Government" from the page "Ottoman Empire"
Etîket: Guhartina mobîl Guhartina malpera mobîl WergerandinaNaverokê WergerandinaBeşê
Baran Agir (gotûbêj | beşdarî)
Created by translating the section "Administrative divisions" from the page "Ottoman Empire"
Etîket: Guhartina mobîl Guhartina malpera mobîl WergerandinaNaverokê WergerandinaBeşê
Rêz 296:
 
Damezrandina balafirvaniya leşkerî ya Osmaniyan di navbera hezîrana 1909-an û tîrmeha 1911-an de vedigere <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.turkeyswar.com/aviation/aviation.htm|title=Story of Turkish Aviation|publisher=Turkey in the First World War|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512225046/http://www.turkeyswar.com/aviation/aviation.htm|archive-date=12 May 2012|url-status=dead|access-date=6 November 2011}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hvkk.tsk.tr/EN/IcerikDetay.aspx?ID=19|title=Founding|publisher=Turkish Air Force|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007104345/http://www.hvkk.tsk.tr/EN/IcerikDetay.aspx?ID=19|archive-date=7 October 2011|url-status=dead|access-date=6 November 2011}}</ref> Împaratoriya Osmanî dest bi amadekirina pîlot û firokeyên xwe yên yekem kir û bi damezrandina Dibistana Hewayî ( ''Tayare Mektebî'' ) li Yeşîlköyê di 3ê Tîrmeha 1912an de, Împaratoriyê dest bi mamostetiya efserên firîna xwe kir. Damezrandina Dibistana Hewayê di bernameya firokevaniya leşkerî de pêşdeçûn bileztir kir, hejmara kesên di nav wê de tomarkirî de zêde kir, û pîlotên nû di Artêş û Hêzên Deryayî yên Osmanî de rolek aktîf da pîlotên nû.
== Dabeşên îdarî ==
{{Gotara bingehîn|Dabeşiyen îdarîya Împaratoriya Osmanî}}
[[File:Ottoman_Empire_Administrative_Divisions.png|thumb|Dabeşkirinên îdarî di 1899 de (sala 1317 hicrî)]]
 
Împaratoriya Osmanî cara yekem di dawiya sedsala 14an de, bi wateya yekîneyên herêmî yên sabît bi waliyên ku ji hêla sultan ve hatine destnîşankirin, li parêzgehen hate dabeş kirin. <ref name="Imber">{{Cite web|url=http://www.fatih.edu.tr/~ayasar/HIST236/Colin%20_Imber.pdf|title=The Ottoman Empire, 1300–1650: The Structure of Power|last=Imber|first=Colin|date=2002|pages=177–200|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726115700/http://www.fatih.edu.tr/~ayasar/HIST236/Colin%20_Imber.pdf|archive-date=26 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 
Eyalet (herweha ''Paşalik'' an jî ''Beylerbeylik'') warê ofîsa Beylerbeyan ("xwedayê xwedayan" an jî walî) bû û bêtir li Sancaqan hatibû dabeşkirin. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=htMUx8qlWCMC&pg=PA167|title=Europe and the historical legacies in the Balkans|last=Raymond Detrez|last2=Barbara Segaert|date=2008|publisher=Peter Lang|isbn=978-90-5201-374-9|page=167}}</ref>Vilayet bi ragihandina "Qanûna Vilayetê" ( {{Ziman|tr|Teskil-i Vilayet Nizamnamesi}}) <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_DWceNjwTggUC|title=Turkish Public Administration: From Tradition to the Modern Age|last=Naim Kapucu|last2=Hamit Palabiyik|date=2008|publisher=USAK Books|isbn=978-605-4030-01-9|page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_DWceNjwTggUC/page/n153 164]|access-date=1 June 2013}}</ref> di 1864 de, di çarçoveya reformên Tanzîmatê de. <ref name="trt">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DPseCvbPsKsC&pg=PA28|title=Haifa in the Late Ottoman Period 1864–1914: A Muslim Town in Transition|last=Maḥmūd Yazbak|date=1998|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-11051-9|page=28}}</ref> Berevajî pergala berê ya eyaletê, Qanûna sala 1864an hiyerarşiyek yekeyên îdarî ava kir: vilayet, lîwa/sancaq / mutesarrîfate, kaza û meclîsa gundan, ku di qanûna 1871ê de jî [[nahiye]] lê zêde kir. <ref name="jpn">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=thUKJ53-yyQC&pg=PA50|title=Governing Property, Making the Modern State: Law, Administration and Production in Ottoman Syria|last=Mundy|first=Martha|last2=Smith|first2=Richard Saumarez|date=2007|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-1-84511-291-2|page=50}}</ref>
== Girêdanên derve ==
* [http://www.dilbilimi.net/osmanli_arastirmalari.htm Ottoman Resources in Internet]